(1) Kuyaphuthuma ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki
Inkinga eyanda engathi sína yokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki isongela impilo yomuntu futhi idinga ukuxazululwa kahle, osekuyisivumelwano sesintu.Ngokusho kwe "From Pollution to Solutions: Global Assessment of Marine Litter and Plastic Pollution" ekhishwe yi-United Nations Environment Programme ngo-Okthoba 2021, kusukela ngo-1950 kuya ku-2017, ingqikithi yamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-9.2 emikhiqizo yepulasitiki yakhiqizwa emhlabeni jikelele, cishe Amakhulu ezigidi zamathani angama-70 asephenduke udoti wepulasitiki, futhi izinga lomhlaba wonke lokugaywa kabusha kwalezi zimfucumfucu zepulasitiki lingaphansi kuka-10%.Ucwaningo lwesayensi olwanyatheliswa ngo-2018 yi-British "Royal Society Open Science" lubonise ukuthi imfucumfucu yepulasitiki yamanje olwandle ifinyelele amathani ayizigidi ezingu-75 kuya kweziyi-199, okuhlanganisa u-85% wesisindo esiphelele sikadoti wasolwandle.
Inani elikhulu kangaka lemfucumfucu yepulasitiki liye lahlaba umkhosi kubantu.Uma izinyathelo zokungenelela ezisebenzayo zingathathwa, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngo-2040, inani lemfucuza yepulasitiki engena emanzini izocishe iphindwe kathathu iye kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-23-37 ngonyaka.
Imfucumfucu yepulasitiki ayigcini nje ngokudala umonakalo omkhulu ezindaweni eziphila emanzini nasezindaweni ezizungezile, kodwa futhi yandisa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni.Okubaluleke nakakhulu, ama-microplastics kanye nezithasiselo zawo zingathinta kakhulu impilo yabantu.Uma zingekho izinyathelo zokwenza ezisebenzayo kanye neminye imikhiqizo, ukukhiqizwa komuntu nokuphila kuzosongelwa kakhulu.
Kuyaphuthuma ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki.Umphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe ukhiphe ngokulandelana izinqubomgomo ezifanele mayelana nokuvimbela kanye nokukhawulela amapulasitiki, futhi uphakamise uhlelo lwezikhathi lokuvala nokukhawulela amapulasitiki.
Ngo-2019, iPhalamende LaseYurophu lavotela kakhulu ukuphasiswa kokuvinjelwa kwamapulasitiki, futhi kuzoqalwa ngokugcwele ngo-2021, okungukuthi, ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo eziyi-10 zezitsha zepulasitiki ezilahlwayo, ama-swabs kakotini epulasitiki, izitsha zepulasitiki, nezinduku ezinyakazayo zepulasitiki. .Imikhiqizo yepulasitiki yocansi.
I-China yakhipha "Imibono Ngokuqhubekayo Ukuqinisa Ukulawulwa Kokungcoliswa Kwepulasitiki" ngo-2020, ikhuthaza ukuncishiswa kokusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki, ikhuthaza eminye imikhiqizo yamapulasitiki abolayo, futhi iphakamisa "ukuzuza isiqongo sekhabhoni ngo-2030 futhi kuzuze ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni ngo-2060" okuhloswe ngekhabhoni okumbaxambili.Kusukela lapho, i-China ikhiphe “Uhlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lokulawula Ukungcoliswa Kwepulasitiki” ngo-2021, olusho ngokuqondile ukuthi kuyadingeka ukugqugquzela ngenkuthalo ukuncishiswa kokukhiqizwa kwepulasitiki nokusetshenziswa emthonjeni, futhi ngokwesayensi nangokuqhubekayo kugqugquzelwe esikhundleni sepulasitiki. imikhiqizo.Ngomhla zingama-28 kuNhlaba wezi-2021, i-ASEAN yakhipha “Uhlelo Lwesenzo Lwesifunda Lokubhekana Nemfucuza Yepulasitiki Yasolwandle 2021-2025″, ehlose ukuveza ukuzimisela kwe-ASEAN ukuxazulula inkinga ekhulayo yokungcoliswa kwemfucuza yepulasitiki yasolwandle eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo.
Kusukela ngo-2022, amazwe angaphezu kwe-140 aklame ngokusobala noma akhipha izinqubomgomo ezifanele zokuvinjelwa kwepulasitiki kanye nezinqubomgomo zokuthibela zepulasitiki.Ngaphezu kwalokho, imihlangano eminingi yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe nazo zithatha izinyathelo zokusekela umphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe ukunciphisa nokuqeda imikhiqizo yepulasitiki, ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezinye izindlela, nokulungisa izinqubomgomo zezimboni nezohwebo ukuze kuncishiswe ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi emhlanganweni oqalwe kabusha wesihlanu we-United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA-5.2), ozobanjwa kusukela ngoFebhuwari 28 kuya kuMashi 2, 2022, amazwe angamalungu eNhlangano Yezizwe afinyelele isivumelwano sokwenza isivumelwano esibophezela ngokomthetho. isivumelwano samazwe ngamazwe sokulwa nokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki.Ingenye yezenzo zemvelo ezifisa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke kusukela ku-1989 Montreal Protocol.
(2) “Ukufaka uqalo esikhundleni sepulasitiki” kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki
Ukuthola izinto ezithatha indawo yepulasitiki kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki nokunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki okuvela emthonjeni, futhi kungenye yezinyathelo ezibalulekile zokusabela emhlabeni wonke enkingeni yokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki.Izinto ze-biomaterials eziwohlokayo njengokolweni notshani zingangena esikhundleni sepulasitiki.Kodwa phakathi kwazo zonke izinto ze-plastic-generation, i-bamboo inezinzuzo eziyingqayizivele.
I-bamboo isitshalo esikhula ngokushesha kunazo zonke emhlabeni.Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi izinga eliphezulu lokukhula kwe-bamboo lingamamitha angu-1.21 ngamahora angu-24, futhi ukukhula okuphezulu nokujiyile kungaqedwa ezinyangeni ezi-2-3.Uqalo luvuthwa ngokushesha, futhi lungaba ihlathi eminyakeni engu-3-5, futhi amahlumela e-bamboo aphinde akhule njalo ngonyaka, anesivuno esikhulu, futhi ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ngesikhathi esisodwa kungasetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo.I-bamboo isatshalaliswa kabanzi futhi inesilinganiso esikhulu sezinsiza.Kunezinhlobo ezingu-1,642 zezitshalo zoqalo ezaziwayo emhlabeni.Kuyaziwa ukuthi kunamazwe angu-39 anengqikithi yendawo yamahlathi e-bamboo angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-50 zamahektha kanye nomkhiqizo wonyaka wamathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-600 zoqalo.Phakathi kwazo, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-857 zezitshalo zoqalo eShayina, kanti indawo yehlathi le-bamboo ingamahektha ayizigidi ezingu-6.41.Ngokusekelwe ekujikelezweni konyaka okungama-20%, amathani ayizigidi ezingama-70 oqalo kufanele asikwe ngokushintshana.Njengamanje, inani eliphelele lomkhiqizo wemboni kazwelonke yoqalo lingaphezu kwama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-300, futhi lizodlula ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-700 ngo-2025.
Izakhiwo zemvelo eziyingqayizivele ze-bamboo ziyenza ibe enye indlela enhle kunepulasitiki.Uqalo uyinto yekhwalithi ephezulu evuselelekayo, egaywa kabusha, futhi eyonakalayo yokuvikela imvelo, futhi inezici zamandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuhle, ubulukhuni obuphezulu, kanye nepulasitiki enhle.Ngamafuphi, i-bamboo inezinhlobonhlobo zokusetshenziswa, futhi imikhiqizo yoqalo ihlukahlukene futhi inothile.Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, izinkambu zokusetshenziswa kwe-bamboo ziya ngokuya ziba zibanzi.Njengamanje, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-10,000 zemikhiqizo yoqalo sezakhiwe, ezibandakanya zonke izici zokukhiqiza nokuphila njengezingubo, ukudla, izindlu, kanye nezinto zokuhamba.
Imikhiqizo yoqalo igcina amazinga ekhabhoni ephansi ngisho nezinyathelo zekhabhoni ezingezinhle kuwo wonke umjikelezo wempilo yazo.Ngaphansi kwesizinda “sekhabhoni ephindwe kabili”, ukumuncwa kwekhabhoni ye-bamboo kanye nomsebenzi wokuthatha ubaluleke kakhulu.Ngokombono wenqubo ye-carbon sink, uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo yepulasitiki, imikhiqizo ye-bamboo ine-carbon footprint engalungile.Imikhiqizo yoqalo ingonakaliswa ngokuphelele ngokwemvelo ngemva kokusetshenziswa, engavikela kangcono imvelo nempilo yabantu.Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi amandla okudliwa kwe-carbon emahlathini oqalo makhulu kakhulu kunalawo ezihlahla ezivamile, ngokuphindwe ngo-1,46 kunomkhiwa waseShayina futhi ophindwe izikhathi ezingu-1,33 kunawamahlathi emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo.Amahlathi oqalo eShayina anganciphisa ikhabhoni ngamathani ayizigidi eziyi-197 futhi athathe amathani ayizigidi eziyi-105 ekhabhoni minyaka yonke, futhi inani eliphelele lokuncishiswa kwekhabhoni kanye nokuthathwa kwalo lizofinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-302.Uma umhlaba usebenzisa amathani ayizigidi ezingu-600 e-bamboo esikhundleni semikhiqizo ye-PVC minyaka yonke, kulinganiselwa ukuthi amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine zokukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide azoncishiswa.Ngamafuphi, "ukushintsha ipulasitiki ngoqalo" kungaba neqhaza ekuhlobiseni imvelo, ukunciphisa ikhabhoni kanye nokuthatha ikhabhoni, ukuthuthukisa umnotho, ukwandisa imali engenayo kanye nokuceba.Ingakwazi futhi ukuhlangabezana nesidingo sabantu semikhiqizo yemvelo futhi ithuthukise umuzwa wabantu wenjabulo nokuzuza.
Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kanye nokukhiqizwa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe bakwazile ukufaka esikhundleni senani elikhulu lemikhiqizo yepulasitiki.Isibonelo: amapayipi asonga uqalo.Ubuchwepheshe bezinto ezibonakalayo obuvunguzayo be-bamboo buthuthukiswe ngokuhlanganyela yi-Zhejiang Xinzhou Bamboo-based Composite Material Technology Co., Ltd. kanye ne-International Bamboo and Rattan Center, njengobuchwepheshe bokusetshenziswa kwe-bamboo obusezingeni eliphezulu emhlabeni wonke, ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwe-10 yocwaningo kanye ukuthuthukiswa, kwaphinde kwavuselela imboni yaseShayina yoqalo emhlabeni.ukuphakama komhlaba.Uchungechunge lwemikhiqizo enjengamapayipi ayinhlanganisela avunguza ngoqalo, amagalari amapayipi, amakalishi esitimela anesivinini esikhulu, nezindlu ezikhiqizwe yilobu buchwepheshe zingangena esikhundleni semikhiqizo yepulasitiki ngobuningi.Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa zivuselelwa kabusha kanye nokuthathwa kwekhabhoni, kodwa ukucutshungulwa nakho kungazuza ukonga amandla, ukuncishiswa kwekhabhoni, kanye nokubola kwe-biodegradability.Izindleko nazo ziphansi.Kusukela ngo-2022, amapayipi ayinhlanganisela avunguza uqalo athandwa futhi asetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi wokuphakelwa kwamanzi kanye nokukhipha amanzi, futhi angena esigabeni sokusetshenziswa kwezimboni.Kwakhiwe imigqa yokukhiqiza yezimboni eyisithupha, kanti ubude bephrojekthi bufinyelele ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-300.Lobu buchwepheshe bunamathemba amahle wokusebenzisa esikhundleni samapulasitiki wobunjiniyela esikhathini esizayo.
Ukupakishwa kwe-bamboo.Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemboni yezokuthutha, ukuthumela nokwamukela ukulethwa okusheshayo sekuyingxenye yempilo yabantu.Ngokwemininingwane evela ku-State Post Bureau, imboni yokulethwa kwempahla yaseChina ikhiqiza amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.8 emfucuza yepulasitiki minyaka yonke.Ukupakishwa kwe-bamboo kuba intandokazi entsha yezinkampani ezisheshayo.Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokupakishwa kwe-bamboo, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa ukupakishwa kwe-bamboo, ukupakishwa kweshidi le-bamboo, ukupakishwa kwe-bamboo lathe, ukupakishwa kwezintambo, ukupakishwa kwe-bamboo eluhlaza, phansi kwesitsha nokunye.Ukufakwa kwe-bamboo kungasetshenziswa ekufakweni kwangaphandle kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene efana nezinkalankala ezinoboya, amadombolo elayisi, amakhekhe enyanga, izithelo, kanye nemikhiqizo ekhethekile.Futhi ngemva kokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo, ukupakishwa kwe-bamboo kungasetshenziswa njengomhlobiso noma ibhokisi lokugcina, noma ubhasikidi wemifino wokuthenga nsuku zonke, ongasetshenziswa kabusha izikhathi eziningi, futhi angaphinda asetshenziswe ukuze alungise amalahle e-bamboo, njll. enokuphinda isetshenziswe kahle.
Ukugcwaliswa kwe-bamboo lattice.Umbhoshongo wokupholisa uwuhlobo lwemishini yokupholisa esetshenziswa kakhulu ezitshalweni zikagesi, izitshalo zamakhemikhali, nezigayo zensimbi.Ukusebenza kwayo kokupholisa kunomthelela omkhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kweyunithi.Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kombhoshongo wokupholisa, ukuthuthukiswa kokuqala ukupakishwa kombhoshongo wokupholisa.Njengamanje Umbhoshongo wokupholisa ikakhulukazi usebenzisa i-PVC plastic filler.Ukupakisha ngoqalo kungangena esikhundleni sokupakisha ipulasitiki ye-PVC futhi ibe nempilo ende yesevisi.I-Jiangsu Hengda Bamboo Packing Co., Ltd. iyibhizinisi elaziwa kakhulu lokupakisha uqalo lwemibhoshongo epholisayo yamandla ashisayo kazwelonke, kanye neyunithi yokupakisha uqalo lwemibhoshongo yokupholisa yoHlelo Lukazwelonke Lwethoshi.Izinkampani ezisebenzisa izihlungi ze-bamboo lattice emibhoshongweni yokupholisa zingafaka izicelo zoxhaso lwekhathalogi yomkhiqizo wekhabhoni ephansi iminyaka emihlanu ilandelana.E-China kuphela, isikali semakethe sokupakisha se-bamboo saminyaka yonke sidlula ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-120.Ngokuzayo, kuzokwakhiwa izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe, ezingathuthukiswa futhi zisetshenziswe emakethe yomhlaba.
I-bamboo grill.Izindleko ze-geogrid ye-carbonized composite yoqalo olulukiweyo ziphansi kakhulu kunalezo zegridi yepulasitiki evame ukusetshenziswa, futhi inezinzuzo ezisobala ukuqina, ukumelana nesimo sezulu, ukucaba, kanye namandla okuzala.Imikhiqizo ingasetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelapheni isisekelo esithambile sikajantshi, imigwaqo emikhulu, izikhumulo zezindiza, amadokhu, kanye nezindawo zokonga amanzi, futhi ingasetshenziswa endaweni yezolimo njengokutshala nokuzalela amanetha othango, i-scaffolding yezitshalo, njll.
Namuhla, ukushintsha imikhiqizo yoqalo lwepulasitiki ngoqalo sekuya ngokuya kuvame kakhulu kithi.Kusukela ku-bamboo tableware elahlwayo, izinto zangaphakathi zemoto, amabhokisi omkhiqizo we-elekthronikhi, okokusebenza kwezemidlalo kuya emaphaketheni omkhiqizo, okokuvikela, njll., imikhiqizo yoqalo isetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni zokusebenza."Ukufaka uqalo esikhundleni sepulasitiki" akukhawulelwe kubuchwepheshe obukhona kanye nemikhiqizo, kunamathemba abanzi namandla angenamkhawulo okulinda ukuthi atholakale.
"Ukufaka uqalo esikhundleni sepulasitiki" kunokubaluleka okubalulekile kwentuthuko eqhubekayo emhlabeni wonke:
(1) Ukusabela esifisweni esifanayo somphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe sokugqugquzela intuthuko esimeme.Uqalo usatshalaliswa kabanzi emhlabeni wonke.Njengezwe elisingatha i-International Bamboo and Rattan Organisation kanye nezwe elikhulu lemboni ye-bamboo emhlabeni, i-China ikhuthaza ngenkuthalo ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe nolwazi lwemboni yoqalo emhlabeni, futhi yenza konke okusemandleni ukusiza amazwe asathuthuka ukuthi asebenzise izinsiza ze-bamboo ngempumelelo. ukuthuthukisa indlela abasabela ngayo ekuguquguqukeni kwesimo sezulu kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo.izindaba zomhlaba wonke ezifana nobumpofu nobumpofu obudlulele.Ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-bamboo kanye ne-rattan kudlale indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukubambisana kweNingizimu-Ningizimu futhi kuye kwanconywa kakhulu umphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe.Kusukela eShayina, "ukufaka uqalo esikhundleni sepulasitiki" kuzophinde kuholele umhlaba ekuqhubeni ngokubambisana inguquko eluhlaza, kugqugquzele ukufezeka kwezinhloso zeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene zentuthuko esimeme, futhi kugqugquzele ukufezeka kwentuthuko esimeme enamandla, eluhlaza futhi enempilo emhlabeni. .
(2) Ukuzivumelanisa nemithetho eyinhloso yokuhlonipha imvelo, ukuhambisana nemvelo, nokuvikela imvelo.Ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki kuwukungcola okukhulu kakhulu emhlabeni, okuningi kwakho kugxile olwandle.Izinhlanzi eziningi zasolwandle zinezinhlayiya zepulasitiki emithanjeni yazo yegazi.Imikhomo eminingi ifile ngokugwinya ipulasitiki… Kuthatha iminyaka engu-200 ukuthi upulasitiki ubole ngemva kokugqitshwa emhlabeni, futhi usugwinywe izilwane olwandle… …Uma lesi simo siqhubeka, ingabe abantu basengakwazi ukuthola ukudla kwasolwandle olwandle?Uma ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuqhubeka, ingabe abantu bangasinda futhi bathuthuke?"Ukushintsha ipulasitiki ngoqalo" kuhambisana nemithetho yemvelo futhi kungaba ukukhetha okubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kwabantu.
(3) Ukuhambisana nomqondo wemvelo wokuthuthukiswa kohlaza okubandakanya bonke, ukushiya ngokuqinile umkhuba wokungaboni ngaso linye wokudela imvelo ukuze kuthuthukiswe isikhashana, futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi ubambelele ekunqumeni kwamasu okudidiyela kanye nobunye bentuthuko yezomnotho nezenhlalakahle kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo nemvelo. , kanye nokuhlalisana okuvumelanayo komuntu nemvelo.Lolu wushintsho endleleni yentuthuko."Ukushintsha ipulasitiki ngoqalo" kuncike ezicini ezivuselelekayo neziphinde zisetshenziswe kabusha ze-bamboo, kuhlanganiswe nemvelo enekhabhoni ephansi yawo wonke umjikelezo wokukhiqiza wemboni yoqalo, kuzothuthukisa ukuguqulwa kwamamodeli okukhiqiza endabuko, kukhuthaze ukuguqulwa kwenani lemvelo le-bamboo. izinsiza, futhi uguqule ngempela izinzuzo zemvelo ukuze kuzuze umnotho.Lokhu ukuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo sezimboni."Ukushintsha ipulasitiki ngoqalo" kuhambisana nesiqondiso esijwayelekile senguquko yamanje yezobuchwepheshe kanye noguquko lwezimboni, kubamba ithuba lentuthuko yezinguquko eziluhlaza, kuqhubekisela phambili izinto ezintsha, kukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezimboni eziluhlaza, futhi kukhuthaze ukwenziwa ngcono nokuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo sezimboni.
Lesi inkathi egcwele izinselelo, kodwa futhi inkathi egcwele ithemba.Uhlelo oluthi “Faka Ipulasitiki NgeBamboo” luzofakwa ohlwini lwemiphumela Yengxoxo Yezinga Eliphezulu Lokuthuthukiswa Komhlaba ngo-June 24, 2022. Ukufakwa ohlwini lwemiphumela ye-Global Development High-Level Dialogue kuyisiqalo esisha se "ukushintsha ipulasitiki ngoqalo".Kuleli qophelo lokuqala, iShayina, njengezwe elikhulu loqalo, ikhombisile izibopho zayo ezifanele kanye nezibopho zayo.Lokhu ukwethenjwa komhlaba wonke kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwe-bamboo, futhi kuwukuqashelwa komhlaba wonke kanye nokulindela intuthuko.Ngokusungulwa kobuchwepheshe bokusetshenziswa kwe-bamboo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-bamboo kuzokwanda kakhulu, futhi amandla ayo ekukhiqizeni nasekuphileni kanye nayo yonke imikhakha yempilo izoba namandla futhi ibe namandla.Ikakhulukazi, "ukushintsha ipulasitiki ngoqalo" kuzokhuthaza ngamandla ukuguqulwa komfutho wokukhula, ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu Ukushintsha ukusetshenziswa okuluhlaza, ukuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa okuluhlaza, futhi ngale ndlela kushintshe impilo, kuthuthukise imvelo, kukhuthaze ukwakhiwa kwendawo ikhaya elihle kakhulu, elinempilo neliqhubekayo eliluhlaza, futhi uqaphele uguquko oluluhlaza ngomqondo obanzi.
Ungaluqalisa kanjani uhlelo “lwe-bamboo esikhundleni sepulasitiki”
Ngaphansi kwenkathi yenkathi yokusabela komhlaba wonke ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu kanye nokulawulwa kokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki, uqalo kanye ne-rattan zinganikeza uchungechunge lwezinkinga zomhlaba eziphuthumayo ezifana nokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu okusekelwe emvelweni;imboni ye-bamboo kanye ne-rattan izofaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme kwamazwe asathuthuka nezifunda.Intuthuko esimeme kanye noguquko oluhlaza;kunomehluko kubuchwepheshe, amakhono, izinqubomgomo, kanye nokuqonda ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni ye-bamboo ne-rattan phakathi kwamazwe nezifunda, futhi kuyadingeka ukwenza amasu okuthuthukisa kanye nezixazululo ezintsha ngokuya ngezimo zendawo.Ukubhekana nekusasa, kanjani ukukhuthaza ngokugcwele ukuqaliswa "ukubuyisela bamboo ngepulasitiki" uhlelo lokusebenza?Ungawakhuthaza kanjani amazwe emhlabeni wonke ukuthi afake uhlelo lwe-“Bamboo for Plastic” ezinhlelweni eziningi zenqubomgomo emazingeni ahlukene?Umbhali ukholelwa ukuthi kunamaphuzu alandelayo.
(1) Yakha inkundla yokubambisana yamazwe ngamazwe egxile ku-International Bamboo and Rattan Organization ukuze kuthuthukiswe isenzo "sokushintsha ipulasitiki ngoqalo".I-International Bamboo and Rattan Organisation ayiyena kuphela umsunguli wohlelo "Faka Ipulasitiki Nge-Bamboo", kodwa futhi ikhuthaze "Faka Ipulasitiki Nge-Bamboo" ngendlela yemibiko noma izinkulumo ezikhathini eziningi kusukela ngo-April 2019. NgoDisemba 2019, i- I-International Bamboo kanye ne-Rattan Organisation ihlanganyele izandla ne-International Bamboo kanye ne-Rattan Centre ukubamba umcimbi oseceleni othi "Ukushintsha Ipulasitiki Nge-Bamboo Ukubhekana Nokuguquguquka Kwesimo Sezulu" ngesikhathi seNgqungquthela yama-25 ye-United Nations Yokuguquguquka Kwesimo Sezulu ukudingida amandla e-bamboo ekuxazululeni inkinga yomhlaba wonke yepulasitiki. kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kokungcola kanye nendlela yokubuka izinto.Ekupheleni kukaZibandlela wezi-2020, e-Boao International Plastic Ban Industry Forum, i-International Bamboo and Rattan Organisation yahlela ngenkuthalo umbukiso we-“Replace Plastic With Bamboo” nabalingani, futhi yethula inkulumo eyisihluthulelo ezindabeni ezinjengokunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki, umkhiqizo wepulasitiki olahlwayo. ukuphathwa neminye imikhiqizo Umbiko kanye nochungechunge lwezinkulumo zethule izixazululo ze-bamboo ezisekelwe emvelweni odabeni lomhlaba wonke lokuvinjelwa kwepulasitiki kanye nokuvinjelwa kwepulasitiki, okudonse ukunaka okukhulu kwabahlanganyeli.Umbhali ukholelwa ukuthi ngaphansi kwesizinda esinjalo, ukusungulwa kwenkundla yokubambisana yamazwe ngamazwe ukukhuthaza isenzo "sokushintsha ipulasitiki nge-bamboo" ngokusekelwe ku-International Bamboo and Rattan Organization, futhi isebenze ezicini eziningi ezifana nokwakhiwa kwenqubomgomo, ukusungulwa kwezobuchwepheshe, kanye ukuqoqwa kwezimali kuzoba neqhaza elikhulu.umphumela omuhle.Inkundla inomthwalo wemfanelo ngokuyinhloko ukusekela nokusiza amazwe emhlabeni wonke ukuthi enze futhi akhuthaze izinqubomgomo ezifanele;ukujulisa ukubambisana kwezesayensi nobuchwepheshe “kokufaka uqalo esikhundleni sepulasitiki”, ukusungula ukusetshenziswa, ukusebenza kahle kanye nokumiswa kwemikhiqizo yoqalo lwepulasitiki, nokudala izimo zokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo emisha;Ucwaningo olusha lokuthuthukiswa komnotho oluhlaza, ukwanda kwamathuba omsebenzi, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezimpahla ezisezingeni eliphansi kanye nokwengezwa kwenani;ezingqungqutheleni ezisezingeni eliphezulu emhlabeni jikelele njengeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene, iNgqungquthela YeZizwe Ezihlangene Yokushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu, iNgqungquthela Yomhlaba Wonke Yamahlathi, I-China International Fair for Trade in Services, kanye “noSuku Lomhlaba Lomhlaba” Ezinsukwini ezibalulekile zendikimba yamazwe ngamazwe nezinsuku zesikhumbuzo ezifana Usuku Lomhlaba Lwezemvelo kanye noSuku Lomhlaba Lwehlathi, ukwenza ukumaketha nokumemezela "ukushintsha ipulasitiki ngoqalo".
(2) Ukwenza ngcono umklamo wezinga eliphezulu ezingeni likazwelonke ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ukusungula indlela yezingxoxo zokusungula ezintsha zamazwe amaningi, ukusungula inkundla yezimo zokubambisana kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe bamazwe ngamazwe, ukuhlela ucwaningo oluhlanganyelwe, ukuthuthukisa inani lemikhiqizo ye-ejenti yepulasitiki ngokusebenzisa ukubuyekezwa kanye nokuqaliswa kwamazinga afanele, kanye nokwakha uhlelo lwemishini yokuhweba emhlabeni wonke, Imizamo kufanele yenziwe ukukhuthaza ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa, ukukhuthazwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo “yokuthatha uqalo esikhundleni sepulasitiki”.
Khuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okuhlangene kwe-bamboo ne-rattan emazingeni kazwelonke nawesifunda, ukusungula iketango lemboni ye-bamboo ne-rattan kanye neketanga lenani, ukusungula uqalo olubonakalayo noluqhubekayo nochungechunge lokuhlinzeka nge-rattan, futhi ukhuthaze intuthuko enkulu yoqalo nemboni ye-rattan. .Dala indawo ekahle yokuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-bamboo ne-rattan, futhi ukhuthaze ukusizakala kanye nokubambisana okuphumelelayo phakathi kwebhizinisi le-bamboo ne-rattan.Naka iqhaza lebhizinisi le-bamboo ne-rattan ekuthuthukiseni umnotho wekhabhoni ephansi, umnotho onenzuzo yemvelo, nomnotho oyindilinga oluhlaza.Vikela izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nemisebenzi ye-ecosystem yezindawo zokukhiqiza ze-bamboo ne-rattan kanye nendawo ezungezile.Vulela amaphethini okusetshenziswa agxile enzuzweni futhi uhlakulele umkhuba wabathengi wokuthenga uqalo nemikhiqizo ye-rattan evumelana nemvelo nelandelekayo.
(3) Khulisa ukuqanjwa kabusha kwesayensi nezobuchwepheshe "kokushintsha ipulasitiki ngoqalo" futhi kukhuthaze ukwabelana ngezimpumelelo zesayensi nezobuchwepheshe.Njengamanje, ukuqaliswa "kokushintsha ipulasitiki ngoqalo" kungenzeka.Izinsiza zoqalo ziningi, izinto ezibonakalayo zinhle kakhulu, futhi nobuchwepheshe bungenzeka.Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokulungiselela utshani obusezingeni eliphezulu, ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokucubungula ishubhu eliyinhlanganisela yoqalo, ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ibhokisi lokushumeka le-bamboo pulp, kanye nokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwemikhiqizo emisha esebenzisa uqalo esikhundleni ipulasitiki.Ngasikhathi sinye, kuyadingeka futhi ukwenza ukwakhiwa kwamandla kumaqembu afanelekile embonini ye-bamboo ne-rattan, kugxilwe ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni ezansi nomfula ngenhloso yokwengeza inani lezimpahla eziyisisekelo kanye nokwelula uchungechunge lwezimboni, futhi kutshalwe ochwepheshe i-bamboo kanye ne-rattan entrepreneurship, ukukhiqiza, ukuphathwa kokusebenza, ukumiswa kwempahla kanye nesitifiketi, ezezimali eziluhlaza kanye nohwebo.Kodwa-ke, "ukushintsha ipulasitiki ngoqalo" kufanele futhi kuqinise ucwaningo nentuthuko ejulile futhi kujulise ukuhwebelana nokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kwezesayensi nobuchwepheshe.Isibonelo: wonke umkhiqizo we-bamboo ungasetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezimboni, ezokuthutha, njll., okuyisilinganiso esibalulekile nesayensi sokwakhiwa kwempucuko yemvelo yabantu esikhathini esizayo.I-bamboo nezinkuni zingahlanganiswa ngokuphelele ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni embonini yezokwakha.Ucwaningo luveze ukuthi u-40% wokungcoliswa kukadoti oqinile uqhamuka embonini yezokwakha.Imboni yezokwakha ibhekene nokuncipha kwezinsiza kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.Lokhu kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwamahlathi aphethwe ngokuqhubekayo ukuze kuhlinzekwe ngezinto ezivuselelekayo.Ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ye-bamboo kuphansi kakhulu, futhi izinto zokwakha eziningi zoqalo zingakhiqizwa ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela yokunciphisa ukungcola okukhulu.Esinye isibonelo: umgomo ofanayo we-INBAR kanye neNhlangano Yezokudla Nezolimo yeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene ukuguqula uhlelo lokudla nezolimo nokuthuthukisa ukuqina kwalo.Izakhiwo zepulasitiki ezingaboli futhi ezingcolisayo ziyingozi enkulu ekuguquleni ukudla nezolimo.Namuhla, kusetshenziswa amathani ayizigidi ezingama-50 epulasitiki ochungechungeni lwenani lezolimo emhlabeni wonke.Uma "ukushintsha ipulasitiki ngoqalo" futhi esikhundleni salo ngezinto zemvelo, izokwazi ukugcina imithombo yemvelo ye-FAO yezempilo.Akunzima ukubona kulokhu ukuthi imakethe "yokushintsha ipulasitiki nge-bamboo" inkulu.Uma sikhulisa ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kokusungulwa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe ngendlela egxile emakethe, singakhiqiza imikhiqizo eminingi ethatha indawo yepulasitiki futhi ikhuthaze indawo evumelanayo yomhlaba.
(4) Khuthaza ukugqugquzelwa kanye nokuqaliswa “kokushintsha uqalo esikhundleni sepulasitiki” ngokusayina imibhalo yomthetho ebophayo.Eseshini eqalwe kabusha yesihlanu yeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene Zemvelo (UNEA-5.2), ezobanjwa kusukela mhla zingama-28 kuNhlolanja kuya kuMashi 2, 2022, amazwe angamalungu eNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene afinyelele isivumelwano sokwenza isivumelwano esibopha ngokomthetho ngezingxoxo phakathi kohulumeni.Isivumelwano samazwe ngamazwe sokulwa nokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki.Ingenye yezenzo zemvelo ezifisa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke kusukela ku-1989 Montreal Protocol.Njengamanje, amazwe amaningi emhlabeni ashaye imithetho yokwenqabela noma yokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa, ukungenisa, ukusatshalaliswa nokudayiswa kwamapulasitiki, ngethemba lokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamapulasitiki alahlwayo ngokunciphisa ipulasitiki nokusetshenziswa kahle, ukuze kuvikelwe kangcono impilo yabantu kanye nemvelo. ukuphepha.Ukushintsha ipulasitiki ngoqalo kunganciphisa ukungcola okubangelwa amapulasitiki, ikakhulukazi ama-microplastics, futhi kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamapulasitiki ewonke.Uma ithuluzi elisemthethweni elibophayo elifana ne-"Kyoto Protocol" lisayinwe emhlabeni wonke ukuze kuliwe nokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki, kuzothuthukisa kakhulu ukukhuthazwa nokuqaliswa "kokushintsha ipulasitiki ngoqalo".
(5) Ukusungula Isikhwama Somhlaba Wonke “Sokushintsha Ipulasitiki Nge-Bamboo” ukuze sisize ku-R&D, ukukhangiswa kwabantu nokukhuthazwa kobuchwepheshe bokushintsha ipulasitiki ngoqalo.Izimali ziyisiqinisekiso esibalulekile sokuthuthukisa ukwakhiwa kwamakhono "Ukubuyisela Ipulasitiki Ngoqalo".Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi ngaphansi kohlaka lwe-International Bamboo and Rattan Organization, kusungulwe Isikhwama Somhlaba Wonke Sokuthi “Ukubuyisela Ipulasitiki Ngoqalo”.“Nikeza uxhaso lwezezimali lokwakhiwa kwamakhono njengocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ukukhuthazwa kwemikhiqizo, kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwephrojekthi ekuqalisweni komkhankaso wokunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki nokuba negalelo ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme emhlabeni wonke.Isibonelo: ukuxhasa ukwakhiwa kwezikhungo zoqalo emazweni afanelekile ukuze zibasize bathuthukise izimboni zoqalo kanye ne-rattan;ukusekela amazwe afanele ukwenza ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhono okuluka ngoqalo, ukuthuthukisa ikhono lezakhamuzi emazweni okwenza imisebenzi yezandla kanye nezidingo zansuku zonke zasendlini, futhi zikwazi ukuthola amakhono okuziphilisa, njll.
(6) Ngezingqungquthela zamazwe ngamazwe, imithombo yezindaba kazwelonke kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zemisebenzi yamazwe ngamazwe, ukwandisa ukwaziswa ukuze “ukufaka uqalo esikhundleni sepulasitiki” kwamukelwe abantu abaningi.Isinyathelo "sokushintsha ipulasitiki ngoqalo" ngokwaso siwumphumela wokugqugquzelwa okuqhubekayo nokukhuthazwa kwe-International Bamboo and Rattan Organization.Imizamo ye-International Bamboo kanye ne-Rattan Organisation yokukhuthaza izwi nesenzo “sokushintsha ipulasitiki ngoqalo” iyaqhubeka."Ukushintsha ipulasitiki ngoqalo" sekudonse ukunakwa okwengeziwe, futhi kuye kwaqashelwa futhi kwamukelwa izikhungo eziningi nabantu ngabanye.NgoMashi 2021, i-International Bamboo and Rattan Organisation yabamba inkulumo ye-inthanethi enendikimba ethi “Ukushintsha Ipulasitiki Ngoqalo”, futhi ababambiqhaza baku-inthanethi basabela ngentshiseko.NgoSepthemba, i-International Bamboo and Rattan Organisation yabamba iqhaza ku-2021 China International Fair for Trade in Services futhi yamisa umbukiso okhethekile we-bamboo ne-rattan ukuze ubonise ukusetshenziswa okubanzi koqalo ekusetshenzisweni kokunciphisa ipulasitiki kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuluhlaza, kanye nezinzuzo zayo ezivelele. ekuthuthukisweni komnotho oyisiyingi onekhabhoni ephansi, futhi uhlanganyele izandla neChina I-Bamboo Industry Association kanye ne-International Bamboo and Rattan Centre babambe umhlangano wamazwe ngamazwe othi “Ukushintsha Ipulasitiki Ngoqalo” ukuze kuxoxwe ngoqalo njengesixazululo esisekelwe emvelweni.U-Jiang Zehui, USihlalo Obambisene Webhodi Labaqondisi be-INBAR, kanye no-Mu Qiumu, uMqondisi-Jikelele we-INBAR Secretariat, bethule izinkulumo zevidiyo zomcimbi wokuvula isemina.Ngo-Okthoba, ngesikhathi se-11th China Bamboo Culture Festival e-Yibin, e-Sichuan, i-International Bamboo and Rattan Organization yaba nomhlangano othi "Ukushintsha Ipulasitiki Ngoqalo" ukuze kudingidwe izinqubomgomo zokuvimbela nokulawula ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki, ucwaningo ngeminye imikhiqizo yepulasitiki kanye namacala angokoqobo.NgoFebhuwari 2022, uMnyango Wokubambisana Kwamazwe Ngamazwe Wombuso Wezamahlathi Nokuphathwa KweGrassland yaseChina waphakamisa ukuthi i-INBAR ilethe uhlelo lokuthuthukiswa komhlaba wonke oluthi “Ukubuyisela Ipulasitiki Ngoqalo” kuMnyango Wezangaphandle WaseChina, ukuphendula isiphakamiso sikaMongameli Xi Jinping ngesikhathi bahambele inkulumo-mpikiswano jikelele yeseshini yama-76 yeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene izinhlelo eziyisithupha zentuthuko emhlabeni jikelele.I-International Bamboo and Rattan Organisation yavumelana ngokushesha futhi yalungiselela iziphakamiso ezi-5, okuhlanganisa nokwenza izinqubomgomo ezivumayo "zokushintsha ipulasitiki ngoqalo", ukukhuthaza ukuqanjwa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe "kokushintsha ipulasitiki ngoqalo", ikhuthaze ucwaningo lwesayensi "lokushintsha ipulasitiki ngoqalo", kanye ukugqugquzela "ukushintsha ipulasitiki ngoqalo".Ukukhuthazwa kwemakethe yePlastiki” futhi kwandise ukusabalala kwe-“bamboo esikhundleni sepulasitiki”.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-28-2023
