I-China ingelinye lamazwe anemithombo yoqalo eningi kakhulu emhlabeni, enezinhlobo ezingu-857 zezitshalo zoqalo eziyingxenye ye-44 genera.Ngokwemiphumela yocwaningo olujwayelekile lwesishiyagalolunye lwemithombo yamahlathi, indawo yehlathi le-bamboo eShayina ingamahektha ayizigidi ezingu-6.41, futhi izinhlobo ze-bamboo, indawo kanye nokuphumayo konke kuhamba kuqala emhlabeni.I-China futhi iyizwe lokuqala emhlabeni ukuqaphela nokusebenzisa uqalo.Isiko loqalo linomlando omude.Imboni ye-bamboo ixhumanisa izimboni eziyinhloko, eziphakeme, neziphakeme.Imikhiqizo yoqalo inenani eliphezulu futhi inezinhlobonhlobo zokusetshenziswa.Ngaphezulu kuka-100 uchungechunge lwemikhiqizo ecishe ibe ngu-10,000 yakhelwe, esetshenziswa ekudleni., ukupakisha, ezokuthutha kanye nemithi kanye neminye imikhakha.
“Umbiko” ubonisa ukuthi eminyakeni engama-20 edlule, imboni yoqalo lwaseShayina ithuthuke ngokushesha, futhi izigaba zemikhiqizo nemisebenzi yokusetshenziswa iye yanda kakhulu.Ngokombono wemakethe yamazwe ngamazwe, iShayina ithatha isikhundla esiwujuqu ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe kwemikhiqizo yoqalo.Ingumkhiqizi obaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni, umthengi kanye nomkhiqizi wemikhiqizo yoqalo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, iphinde ibe ngumthengisi omkhulu wemikhiqizo yoqalo.Ngo-2021, inani eliphelele lohwebo lokungeniswa nokuthekelisa kwemikhiqizo ye-bamboo kanye ne-rattan e-China lizofinyelela ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.781 zamaRandi aseMelika, lapho inani eliphelele lokuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo ye-bamboo kanye nemikhiqizo ye-rattan izoba ngamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.755, ukuhweba okuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe kuzoba izigidi ezingu-26 zase-US. amadola, isamba sohwebo sokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo yoqalo sizoba ngamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.653, futhi ukuhwebelana nokuthekelisa nokuthekelisa kwemikhiqizo ye-rattan kuzoba amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.755.Uhwebo lwafinyelela ku-$128 million.Isamba sokuhwebelana kwemikhiqizo yoqalo emazweni angaphandle sasiyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2.645 zamadola aseMelika, kanti isamba sokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe sasiyizigidi eziyi-8.12 zamadola aseMelika.Kusukela ngo-2011 kuya ku-2021, ivolumu yokuhwebelana ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo yoqalo e-China izokhombisa inkambiso yokukhula iyonke.Ngo-2011, inani lohwebo lokuthekelisa lomkhiqizo wase-China lalingama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.501, kanti ngo-2021 lizoba ngama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2.645, okuwukukhuphuka ngo-176.22%, kanti izinga lokukhula konyaka lingama-17.62%.Ethintwe ubhubhane olusha lomqhele womhlaba wonke, izinga lokukhula kohwebo lokuthekelisa koqalo lwaseChina lwehla ukusuka ngo-2019 laya ku-2020, kanti izinga lokukhula ngo-2019 nango-2020 lalingu-0.52% kanye no-3.10%, ngokulandelana.Ngo-2021, ukukhula kokuhwebelana komkhiqizo woqalo lwaseChina kuzokhula, ngezinga lokukhula lika-20.34%.
Kusukela ngo-2011 kuya ku-2021, inani lohwebo lokuthekelisa lokuthekelisa kwe-bamboo tableware eShayina lizokhula kakhulu, lisuka ezigidini ezingama-380 zamadola aseMelika ngo-2011 liye ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.14 zamadola aseMelika ngo-2021, kanti ingxenye yohwebo oluphelele lomkhiqizo waseShayina izokhuphuka isuka ku-25% ngo-2011. ukuya ku-43% ngo-2021;isamba sokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe amahlumela oqalo nokudla akhule kancane kancane ngaphambi kuka-2017, afinyelela umvuthwandaba ngo-2016, afinyelela ezigidini ezingama-240 zamadola aseMelika ngo-2011, izigidi ezingama-320 zamadola aseMelika ngo-2016, futhi lehla lafinyelela ezigidini ezingama-230 zamadola aseMelika ngo-2020. Ukubuyiselwa kwemali konyaka kwaba amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-240 , okubala ingxenye yohwebo oluphelele lomkhiqizo waseShayina ohweba ngoqalo olufinyelele umkhawulo olinganiselwa ku-18% ngo-2016, futhi lehla laya ku-9% ngo-2021. Kusukela ngo-2011 kuya ku-2021, ivolumu yokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe yemikhiqizo yoqalo e-China izoguquguquka iyonke.Ngo-2011, ivolumu yokuhweba yokungenisa kwemikhiqizo ye-bamboo e-China yayiyizigidi ezingu-12.08 zamadola aseMelika, futhi ngo-2021 izoba izigidi ezingu-8.12 zamadola aseMelika.Kusukela ngo-2011 kuya ku-2017, ukuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe kwemikhiqizo yoqalo e-China kukhombise ukwehla.Ngo-2017, ukuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe kukhuphuke ngama-352.46%.
Ngokohlaziyo “lombiko”, eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinga lokukhula lonyaka lokuhwebelana komkhiqizo woqalo lwaseChina beliphansi.Ngesidingo semikhiqizo eluhlaza ezimakethe zasekhaya nezangaphandle, kuyaphuthuma ukuthola izindawo zokukhula ezintsha ukuze kugqugquzelwe ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo yoqalo emazweni angaphandle.Uma kuqhathaniswa nohwebo lokuthekelisa lomkhiqizo woqalo lwaseShayina, umthamo wokuhweba wokungeniswa komkhiqizo waseChina awumkhulu.Imikhiqizo yohwebo yomkhiqizo waseChina ikakhulukazi i-bamboo tableware kanye nemikhiqizo elukwe ngoqalo.Uhwebo lokungeniswa nokuthengiswa koqalo lwaseShayina lugxile kakhulu ezindaweni ezisogwini oluseningizimu-mpumalanga ezithuthukisiwe, kanti izifundazwe zaseSichuan nase-Anhui ezinezinsiza ezicebile zoqalo azibandakanyeki kangako ekuhwebeni.
Imikhiqizo “ye-bamboo esikhundleni sepulasitiki” iya ngokuya ihlukahluka
Ngomhla zingama-24 kuNhlangulana 2022, iminyango efanelekile yaseShayina kanye ne-International Bamboo and Rattan Organisation ngokuhlanganyela yethula uhlelo oluthi “Replace Plastic With Bamboo” ukuze kuncishiswe ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki nokubhekana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.Imikhiqizo yepulasitiki isetshenziswa ngezinga elikhulu e-China, okubeka ingcindezi enkulu ekuvikelweni kwemvelo.Ngo-2019 kuphela, ukusetshenziswa konyaka kotshani bepulasitiki e-China bekucishe kube amathani angama-30,000, noma cishe izigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-46, kanti ukusetshenziswa kotshani ngonyaka kudlule ama-30. Kusukela ngo-2014 kuya ku-2019, usayizi wemakethe wamabhokisi okudla alahlwayo e-China ukhuphuke ukusuka Ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.56 kuya kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-9.63, ngesilinganiso sokukhula konyaka esingama-21.8%.Ngo-2020, i-China izodla amabhokisi esidlo sasemini angaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-44.5.Ngokwemininingwane evela ku-State Post Bureau, imboni yokulethwa kwempahla yaseChina ikhiqiza amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.8 emfucuza yepulasitiki minyaka yonke.Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ukusetshenziswa kwe-bamboo sekuqalile ukungena emikhakheni eminingi yokukhiqiza kwezimboni.Amanye amabhizinisi asekhaya aseqalile ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo “yoqalo esikhundleni sepulasitiki”, njengamathawula e-bamboo fibre, imaski ye-bamboo fiber, izixubho zoqalo, amathawula ephepha loqalo nezinye izidingo zansuku zonke.Izinti zoqalo, izinti zika-ayisikhilimu we-bamboo, amapuleti esidlo sakusihlwa ngoqalo, amabhokisi esidlo sasemini oqalo alahlwayo nezinye izinto zokudla.Imikhiqizo yoqalo ingena buthule empilweni yabantu yansuku zonke ngendlela entsha.
"Umbiko" ukhombisa ukuthi ngokwezibalo ze-China Customs, inani eliphelele lokuthekelisa "lokushintsha ipulasitiki ngoqalo" lingamadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.663, okubalelwa ku-60.36% yenani eliphelele lokuthunyelwa komkhiqizo.Phakathi kwayo, imikhiqizo ethunyelwa kakhulu kwamanye amazwe yizinti eziyindilinga zoqalo nezinti eziyindilinga, ezinenani lokuthekelisa eliyizigidi ezingama-369 zamadola aseMelika, okubalelwa ku-22.2% yenani eliphelele lokuthekelisa lemikhiqizo “yoqalo esikhundleni sepulasitiki”.Kulandelwa izinti zoqalo ezilahlwayo kanye nezinye izitsha zetafula zoqalo, inani eliphelele lokuthumela ngaphandle libe ngamaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-292 kanye namaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-289, okubalelwa ku-17.54% kanye no-17.39% wesamba somkhiqizo othunyelwa ngaphandle.Izidingo zansuku zonke ze-bamboo, amabhodi okuqoa uqalo nobhasikidi boqalo babalelwa ngaphezu kwe-10% yazo zonke izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, futhi eminye imikhiqizo yathunyelwa ngaphandle kancane.
Ngokwezibalo ze-China Customs, inani eliphelele lokungenisa "i-bamboo esikhundleni sepulasitiki" lingamadola ayizigidi ezingu-5.43 zase-US, okubalelwa ku-20.87% wokungenisa kwemikhiqizo yoqalo kanye ne-rattan.Phakathi kwazo, imikhiqizo engenisiwe kakhulu obhasikidi be-bamboo nobhasikidi be-rattan, abanamanani avela kwamanye amazwe angama-dollar ayizigidi ezingu-1.63 kanye nezigidi ezingu-1.57 zamadola aseMelika ngokulandelanayo, okubalelwa ku-30.04% kanye no-28.94% wesamba esiphelele semikhiqizo "yoqalo esikhundleni sepulasitiki".Kulandelwa ezinye izitsha ze-bamboo tableware nezinye izinti zoqalo, inani eliphelele elingenisiwe lalingamadola aseMelika angama-920,000 kanye namadola ase-US angama-600,000, okubalelwa ku-17% kanye no-11.06% wesamba somkhiqizo othunyelwa ngaphandle.
"Umbiko" ukholelwa ukuthi okwamanje, "ukufaka ipulasitiki esikhundleni se-bamboo" kusetshenziswa kabanzi ezidingweni zansuku zonke.Utshani boqalo, umkhiqizo osafufusa, kulindeleke ukuthi buthathe indawo yezinhlamvu zephepha kanye ne-polylactic acid (PLA) notshani obubolayo ngenxa “yokungashisi, okuhlala isikhathi eside futhi okungelula ukuthambisa, inqubo elula kanye nezindleko eziphansi”.Izinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo ye-bamboo fiber tableware elahlwayo ibekwe emakethe ngobuningi futhi yathunyelwa ezimakethe zaseYurophu nezaseMelika.Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezilahlwayo ze-tableware nazo zingasebenzisa uqalo oluncane kanye namapheshana e-bamboo ukwenza izinto zetafula, ezifana namapuleti, izinkomishi, imimese nezimfoloko, izinkezo, njll. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezinto zokusebenza, izinhlobo zokupakishwa kwe-bamboo ziye zanda, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa ukupakishwa okulukiwe ngoqalo. .Ngokungafani namapulasitiki endabuko asuselwa ku-petrochemical, amapulasitiki asuselwa ku-bamboo angabuyisela ngempumelelo isidingo semakethe samapulasitiki.
Umthamo we-carbon sequestration wehlathi loqalo uphakeme kakhulu kunowezihlahla ezijwayelekile, futhi uwusinki wekhabhoni obalulekile.Imikhiqizo yoqalo igcina i-carbon footprint ephansi noma eyiziro kuwo wonke umjikelezo wempilo yomkhiqizo, esiza ukunciphisa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekufinyeleleni umgomo wokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni.umphumela.Eminye imikhiqizo ye-bamboo ayikwazi ukufaka esikhundleni sepulasitiki kuphela ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zabantu, kodwa futhi ihlangabezane nezidingo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo okuluhlaza.Kodwa-ke, imikhiqizo eminingi yoqalo isencane, futhi isabelo sayo semakethe nokuqashelwa kufanele kuthuthukiswe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-28-2023
